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Objective To investigate the changes of prevalence of hyperuricemia ( HUA) and its correlations with blood glucose and lipid in healthy adults receiving physical examination at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) from 2012 to 2017. Meth-ods An observational approach was adopted for the data analysis.The test results of uric acid (UA),fasting blood glucose (FBG),to-tal cholesterol (TC),triacylglycerol (TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), creatinine (Cr) and Urea of 399 089 cases (206 881 males and 192 208 females) at PUMCH from January 2012 to December 2017 were collected and statistically analyzed.Results The total prevalence of HUA was 17.4% in which the prevalence of males was signif-icantly higher than that of females (25.6% vs 8.5%,χ2＝20 234.850,P＜0.01).During the years of 2012 to 2017,the prevalence of HUA was 26.5%,24.7%,28.6%,23.9%,24.8% and 24.5% in males,and 13.8%,6.3%,7.9%,6.1%,6.2% and 6.8% in females for each year respectively.The prevalence of HUA in males aged 18 to 64 years old was significantly higher than that in the age-matched fe-males (all P＜0.05).However, the prevalence of HUA in males aged≥65 years old was similar to the age-matched females.There was no statistically significant difference of HUA prevalence between males and females aged ≥65 in 2013,2015,2016 and 2017 ( χ2＝1.792,0.017,1.440 and 0.205 respectively;all P＞0.05).The percentages of hyperlipidemia in both males and females of HUA group were higher than those of non-HUA group respectively (all P＜0.01).The percentage of hyperglycemia in males of non-HUA group was higher than that of HUA group,but the percentage of hyperglycemia in females of non-HUA group was lower than that of HUA group ( all P＜0.01).High levels of TC,TG and FBG were risk factors of HUA with increased OR values in increased concentrations of TC,TG and FBG,respectively.Conclusion During the recent 6 years, in healthy adults receiving physiced examination at PVMCH, the preva-lence of male HUA diagnosed was at overall high level,but the prevalence of female HUA was in decreasing and relatively stable trend. Hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia should be the risk factors of HUA.
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Objective To establish a method for quantification of aldosterone (ALD) in urine by LC-MS/MS.Methods This study was the establishment and validation of methodology for urine ALD using LC-MS/MS.The urine samples were hydrolyzed at 37 ℃ by hydrochloric acid and the deuterated isotope internal was then added , followed by protein precipitation and anion exchange solid phase extraction (SPE). After SPE, the eluates were detected in the negative electro-spray ionization mode and multiple reaction monitor mode.The linearity, lower limits of quantification , precision and recovery of LC-MS/MS were evaluated.Urine and serum ALD of 80 subjects were measured by LC-MS/MS to evaluate the correlation of ALD detected in serum and 24 h urine.70 urine samples were collected and measured with LC-MS/MS and CLIA method for ALD comparison.14 participants were recruited to study the distribution of urine ALD in apparent healthy population .Results The analytical time was 4.5 min.Linearity of ALD was good in the range of 2-1 000 pg/ml (R2＞0.990); the repeatability and CV of ALD were less than 4.0% and 5.0%respectively; the recovery of urine ALD ranged between 100.4%and 108.2%; the lower limits of detection was 1 pg/ml.The correlation between urine and serum ALD was 0.396.The method comparison resulted in linear equation Y＝0.998 8X+0.046 4(r＝0.991).The distribution of urine ALD in apparent healthy subjects were 0.74-17.09 μg/24 h.Conclusion A reliable and specific LC-MS/MS method for urine ALD was established.And condition of the acid hydrolyzation for urine ALD was optimized .The method is simple, rapid and it can be used for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence and possible factors of hypouricemia in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.Methods A retrospective investigation.Serum uric acid, lipids, glucose and other chemistry tests were analyzed among 83176 outpatients(Male:30795,Female:52381), 15849 inpatients(Male:7402,Female:8447)and 24081 healthy subjects(Male:11859,Female:12222)in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from December 2015 to April 2016.Grouped by gender and age, the prevalence of hypouricemiawas analyzed in all subjects and the etiology and possible risk factors of hypouricemia were explored among all patients.Results The serum uric acid of outpatients,inpatients and healthy subjects were 286(235-348)μmol/L, 282(226-348)μmol/L and 298(244-358)μmol/L, respectively.And the prevalence were 0.6%(499/83176),2.5%(390/15849)and 0.2%(39/24081), respectively.The prevalence of hypouricemia ofwomen was significantly higher than that ofmen(outpatients:0.7%vs 0.4%,P<0.001;inpatients:2.8%vs 2.1%,P=0.004;healthy subjects:0.30%vs 0.04%, P<0.001).After analyzing 507 hypouricemia patients, the top three clinical diagnoses that related with hypouricemia were kidney diseases, tumor and rheumatic diseases.Compared with the control group, the prevalence of hypouricemia in hypertriglyceridemia group and group with eGFR higher than 90 ml/(min· 1.73 m2)were lower(OR:0.33, 95% CI:0.21-0.50; OR:0.16, 95% CI:0.09-0.29), and the prevalence of hypouricemia in hyperglycemia group was higher(OR:1.62, 95% CI:1.12-2.35). Conclusion The prevalence of hypouricemia of Chinese women was higher than that of men and may be related with TG,Glu and eGFR.
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Objective To study the relationship between growth hormone,insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and immunity during sepsis.Methods A total of 42 sepsis patients with complete data were selected to detect serum growth hormone,IGF-1,T cells in peripheral blood,and humoral immunity.Multifactor repeated measurement variance analysis was applied to compare various markers between sepsis group and the control group.Partial correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between growth hormone,IGF-1 and immunity.Results Serum growth hormone of patients in sepsis group was obviously higher than that in the control group (P =0.013 7,0.012 3,0.011 5),while IGF-1 was obviously lower in sepsis group compared with control group (P=0.014 4,0.013 5,0.013 2).Meanwhile,CD3+ (P =0.0095,0.0089,0.0092),CD4+ (P=0.0163,0.013,0.0158),CD8+ (P=0.010 1,0.019 3,0.015 5),NK (P=0.023 4,0.029 3,0.025 5) and CD19+ cell (P=0.011 3,0.010 2,0.010 0),IgA (P =0.019 3,0.017 8,0.015 7),IgG (P =0.047,0.006 9,0.005 9),and complement C3 (P =0.039 3,0.037 8,0.045 6) in peripheral blood of patients in sepsis group were obviously lower than those in control group.There were positive correlations between IGF-1 and CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD19+,NK cells,IgA,IgG,complement C3 (P=0.01 3,0.036,0.015,0.008,0.002,0.005,0.009,0.001) in sepsis patients.Conclusions There were abnormalities in serum growth hormone,IGF-1,cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity found in sepsis patients.IGF-1 had the correlation with immune function affecting the prognosis of patients with sepsis.
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Objective To validate the performance of six enzymatic glycated albumin reagents and evaluate their clinical application.Methods The performance of six enzymatic glycated albumin reagents(labled as A,B,C,D,E,F) from Beijing Jiuqiang Co, Beijing Lideman Co,Ningbomeikang Co, Beijing Haomai Co, Sichuan Maike Co and Asahi Kasei Co were assessed on Olympus AU5800 automatic biochemistry analyzer.According to the standard of CLSI,the precision,interference and linear correlation of these reagents were assessed.To assess the accuracy of GA% ,we used GA standard material whose value had been assigned using ID-LC/MS method provided by ReCCS.To do the method comparison and determine the consistency of assay, 50 fresh serum samples of T2DM outpatient and 80 fresh serum samples of apparently healthy people in Jan 2016 were tested using six kits.According to the EP28-A3C protocol, the reference range for GA%was validated in 122 apparently healthy individuals undertaking medical examination from January to February 2016 in PUMC.Results The precision,and the ability of anti-interference of the six reagents were good.The accuracy percentage deviation of six reagents was-19.3%-9.2%.The correlation coefficient of domestic reagents A to E and imported reagents F in the determination of GA% was 0.966-0.999, the average absolute bias was 7.0%-10.4%.The coincidence rate of A-E and F in determining abnormal GA% was between 88.5% and 96.9%.The coincidence rate was increased after switching to the reference range for preliminary clinical evaluation.Conclusion Six GA enzymatic kits used in automatic biochemical analyzer have high precision and strong anti-interference ability.Accuracy still needs to be improved.
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This paper reports the hematology screening and parasite morphological features of one case of imported falci?parum malaria and reviews the relevant literature.
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In order to make the experimental teaching adapt to the development of modern teaching idea and to meet the needs of the pharmaceutical industry for high quality talents, pharma-cology experiment teaching method has been reformed. Single teaching method has turned to diversi-fied teaching method according to the experimental contents, difficulty and characteristics of teaching situation, such as leading method of using theory after experiment in validation experiments and single blind method in multidrug efficacy experiment in the early stage, case-based teaching in comprehensive experiments in the middle stage , and student teaching method in designing experiments in the later stage. The study results show that students' interest in learning has been inspired,their experimental enthusiasm has been mobilized,and their operation, analysis and problem-solving ability has been improved, which is advantageous to the comprehensive quality education.
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Objective To clarify the relationship between the serum prolactin (PRL),immunity and prognosis of the critical patients.Methods The data of 80 patients with complete clinical data in the Intensive Care Unit of the Fujian Provincial Hospital during October 1,2010 to October 1,2011 were collected.The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the prognosis:death group and survival group.Fasting blood is extracted respectively on the morning of the 2nd day after they were admitted,the 4th day and the 8th day.Chemiluminescence immunoassay system was used to detect the serum PRL,flow cytometers to test peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subsets,and immunization rate nephelometry to check the 5 items for bumoral immunity in peripheral blood.The multi-factor repeated measure analysis of variance was used in the comparison of the two groups.Results Compared with those of the survival group,the serum PRL (P=0.037,0.036,0.030),the percentages of CD3+ (P=0.034,0.023,0.023),CD4+ (P =0.046,0.003,0.046) and CD8+ (P =0.040,0.039,0.045) cells of the death group were significantly lower.However,positive correlation exists between the value of serum PRL and the percentages ofCD3+,CD4+ and CD8+ cells (P=0.004,0.043,0.003):the higher the former,the higher the latter.Conclusions The change of cellular immunity is important for the prognosis of the patients.Downgradationof the cellular innunity indicates an undesirable prognosis.The serum PRL may work positively on cellular immunity.
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Objective To verify whether the periodic or continuous exposure to high glucose may have different effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC)apoptosis, and to explore the effect of NF-κB pathway on apoptosis of HUVEC induced by high glucose using the RNAi adenovirus vector. Methods RNAi combinant adenovirus vector which targeted 1566 site of NF-κB p65 mRNA was constructed and the effect of p65 gene knockdown in HUVEC was detected by Western blot analysis. Then, the RNAi adenovirus was transducted to explore the role of NF-κB pathway on the regulation of apoptosis in HUVEC induced by high glucose. The apoptosis of HUVEC was tested by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. Results High glucose could induce apoptosis of HUVEC. p65 protein expression of nuclear extracts was significantly increased in high glucose culture as compared to control group, but only slightly increased in NF-κB-specific knockdown group, which maintained at basal state. Compared with normal glucose group, the number of TUNEL-positive cells in high glucose group was significantly increased (25.81%±1.77% vs 8.20%±0.63%, P<0.05). The number of TUNEL-positive cells was decreased in 30.5 rmnol/L glucose plus Ad-1566 than that in 30.5 mmol/L glucose plus Ad-DEST (11.49%±0.92% vs 26.10%±0.98%, P<0.01). Flow cytometry and TUNEL assay showed that the apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by high glucose was inhibited by the RNAi adenovirus. Conclusion High glucose induces apoptosis of HUVEC. Knockdown of NF-κB p65 may protect HUVEC from apoptosis by preventing high glucose-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation.
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Objective To observe the effect of Wnt/β-catenin pathway on proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) using the glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β)-targeting RNAi recombinant adenovirus vector. Methods Homologous recombination and cloning techniques were used to construct RNAi recombinant adenoviral expressive vectors specific to GSK-3β. Then, the adenovirus plasmids was transfected into HEK 293A cells to produce adenovirus and amplify the adenoviral stock. Plaque forming assay was used to titer the adenoviral stock. The GSK-3β and β-catenin protein expressions were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The proliferation of HUVEC was detected with MTr assay. Results The RNAi adenovirus vectors specific to GSK-3β were successfully produced with high titer. The expression of GSK-3β protein in HUVEC could be down-regulated efficiently by the RNAi adenovirus, along with increased β-catenin protein expression. The proliferation of HUVEC was significantly increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) after infected with GSK-3β RNAi recombinant adenovirus for 3, 5, 7 days. Conclusion RNAi adenovirus is an important tool that can inhibit the expression of GSK-3β efficiently, along with increased β-catenin protein expression. Up-regulating of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway might play an important role in the proliferation of HUVEC.
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BACKGROUND: Chinese herbs of common yam rhizome, balsampear fruit and bagasse fiber have good effects on decreasing blood glucose and lipid, but its mechanism is unclear.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of compound preparation of common yam rhizome and balsampear fruit on blood glucose, lipid, blood insulin and anti-infection of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study.SETTING: Technological Developing Center, Pharmacological Department, Experimental Animal Center, and Central Laboratory of Guangdong Medical College.MATERIALS: A total of 80 female SD rats with 4 months old and of SPF grade were selected in this study. Flumamine (Jilin Dongbeiya Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., batch number: 040126); total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triacylglycerol (TG) (Beijing Zhongsheng Biotechnological Co. Ltd.); Surestep Life scan blood glucose meter and test paper (Johnson Company, USA); insulin radio-immunity kit (Shanghai Navy Medical Institute); UV-3010 ultraviolet spectrophotometer (Japan Shimadzu); compound preparation of common yam rhizome and balsampear fruit (Technological Developing Center of Guangdong Medical College, batch number: 040321); suspension was extracted from common yam rhizome, balsampear fruit and dietary fiber of bagasse through water with 1 kg/L raw materials.METHODS: Animal breeding and samples collecting were carried out in the Experimental Animal Center and Technological Developing Central Laboratory of Guangdong Medical College from June 2004 to December 2005; meanwhile, detection of marker was carried out in the Pharmacological Department and Central Laboratory of Guangdong Medical College. ①Twenty rats were randomly selected as normal control group and perfused with 5 mL/kg saline every day. Other 60 rats were perfused with 5 mL/kg fat emulsion once a day for 4 weeks, and then, rats were fasted for 12hours and peritoneally injected with 2 g/L streptozotocin (30 mg/kg). Rats in normal control group were peritoneally injected with the same volume of citromalic acid buffer. Three days later, blood glucose was measured ranomly and measured again after 2 weeks. If level of blood glucose was igher than 13.5 mmol/L or urinal glucose was ＞ ++ for two weeks, the models were successful (n=48). ② According to random lot method, 48 rats were divided into three groups: model group, flumamine group and comound preparation group with 16 in each group. Rats in model group were perfused with 5 mL/kg fat emulsion; moreover, rats in flumamine groupr and compound preparation group were perfused with 5 mL/kg fat emulsion and then with 1 mg/kg flumamine and 5 mL/kg compound preparation including 1 kg/L raw drug, respectively. Rats in normal control group were perfused with 5 mL/kg saline. All rats in each group were perfused once a day for 6 weeks in total. ③ Value of blood glucose was measured at one day before the experiment finished. Twelve hours after fasting, level of plasma insulin was measured with radio-immunity method; levels of plasma total protein and albumin were measured with spectrophotography; levels of TG, TC and HDL-C were measured with the related kits. ④ Measurement data were compared with analysis of variance (ANOVA). Levene's test was firstly used to evaluate regularity of variance. Bonferroni test was used for regular variance; however, Tamhane's T2 was used.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effect of compound preparation on levels of blood glucose, insulin, lipid and plasma protein of rats with type 2 DM.RESULTS: Twelve rats were lost because of failure in modeling, and 4rats in model group and 2 in flumamine group died during the experiment,respectively. Therefore, 62 rats were involved in the final analysis. ①Measurement of fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin: Value of fasting blood glucose in normal control group was lower than that in other three groups (t=2.673-4.224, P ＜ 0.05-0.01), but level of plasma insulin was higher than that in other three groups (t=3.780-5.824, P ＜ 0.05-0.01).Fasting insulin in model group was lower than that in compound prepara tion group (t=2.825, P ＜ 0.05); fasting blood glucose was higher than that in flumamine group and compound preparation group (t=3.906, 3.056, P ＜ 0.05); * level of insulin in flumamine group was lower than that in compound preparation group (t=3.014, P ＜ 0.05); level of fasting blood glucose in flumamine group was close to that in compound preparation group (P ＞ 0.05). ② Measurement of lipid: Levels of TC and TG in normal control group were lower than those in other three groups, but level of HDL-C was higher than that in other three groups (t=2.521-4.892, P ＜ 0.05-0.01).Plasma TC in model group was higher than that in flumamine group and compound preparation group (t=2.466-2.512, P ＜ 0.05), value of TG was higher than that in compound preparation group (t=2.612, P ＜ 0.05), and level of HDL-C was lower than that in compound preparation group (t =3.688, P ＜ 0.05). Plasma TG in flumamine group was higher than that in compound preparation group (t=2.620, P ＜ 0.05). ③ Measurement of plasma protein: Levels of plasma total protein were close to each other (P ＞ 0.05). Plasma albumin in normal control group was higher than that in model group and flumamine group (t=3.773, 3.104, P ＜ 0.05), but that was close to that in compound preparation group (P ＞ 0.05). Ratio between albumin and globulin in normal oln that in other groups (t=2.830-3.056, P ＜ 0.05). Level of plasma albumin and ratio between albumin and globulin were lower in model group than those in compound preparation group (t=2.604, 3.808, P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Compound preparation can decrease levels of blood glucose and lipid, increase content of insulin, and improve anti-infection ability of rats with type 2 DM.
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AIM: To establish the hyperlipemic rat model by long-term gastric perfusion of intralipid and investigate the effects of hyperlipidemia on bone. METHODS: Eighteen SD rats were randomly divided into control group (C) and high-fat-diet group (HDF), with 9 rats per group. Rats of C group were treated orally with normal saline, and rats in HDF group were oral gavage of intralipid at dose of 5.0 mL/kg, once a day for 20 weeks. At the end of experiment, their serum levels of lipid were measured. Bone histomorphometric analysis of thighbone was performed in undecalcified sections, and the length and width of ulnar were measured. RESULTS: Compared with the C group, serum TC and low density lipoproteins (LDL) were increased (P